Archival footage depicting the events of Kristallnacht in Buehl, Germany. German passport belonging to Erich Levine, who left Germany with his family in and moved to Bolivia.
Description of the Riot at Dinslaken. Felix Nussbaum The Refugee, Charcoal on paper Gift of K. Yad Vashem Har Hazikaron P. Phone: 2 Fax: 2 Email: webmaster yadvashem. Useful Links. The World Holocaust Remembrance Center. Tension between Germany and Czechoslovakia is increasingly escalated, implying an impending war.
Germany introduces a law that requires people who are Jewish but do not a have a traditionally Jewish first name to add either "Israel" or "Sara" to their names in August. Passports of German Jews are declared invalid in October , and they are required to have the letter "J" stamped onto their passports for them to become valid again. Kristallnacht occurs on November 9th and 10th. Nazis attack Jewish businesses throughout the country.
At the end of it all Synagogues were destroyed, 7, Jewish businesses were looted and destroyed, at least 91 people were killed and up to 30, Jewish men were arrested. The German government closes all Jewish businesses on November 12th, only a few days after Kristallnacht. Jewish parents begin sending their children to the United Kingdom in December with the hope that their children can escape some of the German persecution.
The rescue efforts were called "Kindertransport" and save up to 10, children between this year and Many of these children's parents were killed during the Holocaust. It was clear that these actions were building up to the outbreak of World War II that would start the next year, and the Nazis were also accelerating their persecution of the Jews that would become the Holocaust and kill millions. In the next year more and more Jewish people would be sent to ghettos and concentration camps where millions would die from the conditions or be killed.
Howard Hughes breaks the around-the-world flight record during July. Hughes and his four-person crew flew a Lockheed 14 Super Electra for 14, miles. The whole trip took 3 days, 19 hours, and 17 minutes. Following the flight Hughes was celebrated with a ticker-tape parade through New York City.
The around-the-world flight was just the latest in a string of aviation accomplishments that Hughes had been pursuing throughout the s. The purpose of the act was to create an independent board to regulate and oversee the safety of non-military aeronautics.
The newly created agency would also be tasked with the investigation of accidents, crashes, and complaints related to civil aviation.
The development of this authority was important in that it gave the fledgling civil aeronautics industry federal oversight to help legitimize and standardize civil aviation practices. The law stated that the United States Navy would increase its size and strength by 20 percent. Japan had invaded China in and Germany had annexed Austria in March of , making it clear that the United States would eventually be drawn into the impending worldwide conflict.
The act specifically mandated the construction of , tons of battleships. During March Nazi Germany forcibly annexed neighboring Austria when German troops invaded the country in what was known as "Anschluss" or the union of the two countries. Upon annexing Austria, German dictator Adolf Hitler appointed a new government of his choosing to replace Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg who had opposed the annexation.
Schuschnigg had been bullied by Hitler to appoint Austrian Nazis to positions of power and later resign. While it was unclear whether Austrian citizens truly agreed with the annexation or if they complied due to the terrorizing threat of German retribution, citizens seemed to show outward support. Austrians approved the "reunification" with a Technology Technology Oil is discovered in Saudi Arabia. One year before war broke out in China, Spain had erupted into civil war between leftist Republican forces with Soviet and international backing and militaristic Nationalist forces with Nazi and Italian Fascist support.
Republican forces included an Abraham Lincoln Battalion whose ranks included writer Ernest Hemingway. Many other literary figures, including Langston Hughes and John Dos Passos, also spent time with Republican forces during the war.
In the US less than , Spanish immigrants lived in the country at the time the war broke out in , making them a tiny fraction of the overall US population in the World War II era. Officially, America remained neutral in the conflict and ordered American firms not to sell military equipment to either side in the conflict. In May , Americans were polled as to which of these four international events most disturbed them.
What Happened: American relations with the Soviet Union remained strained until the Soviet Union fully collapsed in American forces fought as Soviet allies, and the US sent massive military aid to Russian forces as part of the Lend-Lease program. President Roosevelt began urging the country to prepare for war in Not long after the war, West Germany became a key American ally.
America as a whole was appalled by the news coming out of China, as shown by this poll and others. In desperation, Jewish parents send their unaccompanied children abroad to escape Nazi persecution. The ceremony at the US Capitol, featuring a candle-lighting and names reading, is happening now. Join us right now to watch a live interview with a survivor, followed by a question-and-answer session.
The Museum's commemoration ceremony, including remarks by the German ambassador and a Holocaust survivor, is happening now. Before — — — After — Hitler reviews an SA parade as it passes in front of the Dortmund theater. Image Available Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service April 7, German law excludes Jews and other political opponents from civil service positions. Image Available Revision of Paragraph June 28, Revision of Paragraphs and a facilitates the systematic persecution of homosexual men in Nazi Germany.
Image Available Nuremberg Race Laws September 15, The Nuremberg Laws of herald a new wave of antisemitic legislation that brings immediate and concrete segregation.
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