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All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript. Correspondence to Lining Guo. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.
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This article has been updated. Abstract Genetically modified GM crops currently constitute a significant and growing part of agriculture. Introduction GM crops were first introduced to the market in Figure 1: Metabolomic profiles and hierarchial clustering of metabolites across the 49 soy conventional lines and one GM line.
Transgenic DREB and AREB lines evaluated here under water deficit conditions presented acceptable oil and protein percentages, enabling cultivar obtained from these lines to enter in feed market for poultry, pork, cattle, other farm animals and pets.
Transcription factors introduced in soybean conventional cultivar BR16 and endogenous genes related to water deficit-responses showed higher expression in drought condition, showing that plants can modulate the metabolism in response to this adverse environmental circumstance by targeting different mechanisms, aiming to survival and keep productivity.
Oil and protein content in the transgenic lines were not affected by the introduction of TFs, ensuring possible commercial cultivars derived form these lines competitiveness in livestock market.
RF-P and LF contributed equally for the manuscript, being responsible for experiments installation, data collect and analysis, and manuscript write. FR helped in molecular analysis and manuscript review. HM helped with manuscript writing and editing. SM helped in the laboratory procedures and MM was involved with experiments performed in the greenhouse.
JF and NN gave important support on physiological data analysis and MdO performed all statistical analysis. KN and KY-S participated in the experimental and molecular characterization design and reviewed the manuscript. AN is the coordinator of the research group and was directly involved in all stages of the research described in this manuscript.
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The authors are also grateful to staff and students from the laboratories of Agrometeorology, Ecophysiology, and Plant Biotechnology of Embrapa Soybean for their support with all evaluations.
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All non-packaged products that contain GMOs must include the statement within the product display. For many in the scientific community, such strict regulations indicate something else — other than concern for safety — may also be at play. Soybeans are not widely cultivated in the EU.
The European umbrella organisation for organic food and farming, IFOAM Organics Europe, which represents the entire organic food chain, does not agree. The increased use of herbicides linked to the cultivation of GMOs in the US has been well-documented over the years, noted Gall. Further, IFOAM raised concerns about the contamination risk to the GMO-free food production chain risk, as well as the threat to the economic wellbeing of farmers and producers.
So while they are allowed, the food market has largely remained closed to them. IFOAM suspects this is due to labelling requirements and consumer opposition.
But for soybeans this is a bit different, we were told, as most of the soybean meal imported from North and South America is used as animal feed in the EU. Where animal feed has to be labelled GMO, the milk, meat, and eggs produced with this feed do not have to be labelled. Europe has been importing GMO soybeans previous events for the last 25 years, so I do not expect this latest GMO event to lead to any major changes or issues, as long as it is primarily used in the feed industry.
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